What is the term for the upward movement of air due to heating from the ground?

The term for the upward movement of air due to heating from the ground is thermal lift. This phenomenon occurs when sunlight warms the Earth's surface, causing the air directly above it to heat up. As this air warms, it becomes less dense than the surrounding cooler air and begins to rise.

Thermals are particularly important for glider pilots as they provide a source of lift that can be harnessed to gain altitude without the need for engine power. Pilots often look for signs of thermal activity, such as cumulus clouds or areas of rough air, which indicate rising columns of warm air. Utilizing these thermals allows glider pilots to extend their flight duration and travel greater distances.

Dynamic lift refers to lift generated by the movement of air over the surfaces of an aircraft, often used in the context of soaring techniques involving mountain ridges or waves. Wind shear describes the change in wind speed or direction with altitude, which can occur due to various atmospheric conditions but does not directly refer to upward air movement from heating. Mechanical turbulence is related to disturbances caused by obstacles like buildings, trees, or terrain, which can disrupt smooth airflow but is not specifically about the upward movement of heated air.